通常，定語從句緊跟在先行詞之后，但在具體的運(yùn)用中，往往也出現(xiàn)有定語從句與先行詞被分隔的現(xiàn)象。本文就定語從句與先行詞分隔的種種情況、分隔的原因及其漢譯進(jìn)行探討。
一、定語從句與先行詞分隔的形式
1、被謂語分隔，例如：
Many forms of apparatus have been devised by which a more ac-curate knowledge of blood pressure can be obtained.人們已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)出許多醫(yī)療器械，通過這些醫(yī)療器械，可以對血壓有一個(gè)更為精確的了解。
Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by the originality of his works.來參觀的人幾乎無一不對他的作品的創(chuàng)造性留下深刻印象。
2、被非從句定語分隔，例如：
Singapore is at the start of a long road，already well trodden in the west，that leads to such solutions as shelter and rest homes.新加坡眼下正踏上一條西方國家早已走了很遠(yuǎn)的漫長道路，即最終建立收容所和休養(yǎng)院來解決問題。
Does this mean that in time fish might learn to leave alone all food on hooks that they have seen before?這難道不就意味著，魚兒很快就可能學(xué)會(huì)避開那些它們常見的魚鉤上的食物嗎?
3、被狀語分隔，例如：
Never say anything behind a person's back that you wouldn't say to his face.當(dāng)面不愿說的話，千萬不要在背后說。
I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result.我記得曾在一家椅子廠見過六個(gè)工人，他們的工作是將幾根鋼管彎曲并組成一把折椅。
4、被補(bǔ)語分隔，例如：
The cook turned pale，and asked the housem aid to shut the door，who asked Brittles，who asked the tinker，who pretended not to hear.廚子的臉色變得蒼白，要女仆把門關(guān)上，女仆叫布立特爾關(guān)，布立特爾又叫補(bǔ)鍋匠關(guān)，而補(bǔ)鍋匠裝著沒聽見。
5、被同位語分隔，例如：
One was a violent thunderstorm，the worst I had ever seen，which obscured my objective.有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實(shí)為我平生所僅見。這陣暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。
二、定語從句與先行詞分隔的原因
1、為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免“頭重腳輕”，將定語從句與先行詞分隔，例如：
Mr.Leon said in the future，computer would be developed which would be small enough to carry in the pocket.利昂先生說，將來會(huì)生產(chǎn)出小得可以放在口袋里的計(jì)算機(jī)。
2、為了突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)主句中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的意義，將定語從句與先行詞分隔，例如：
Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries，who will negotiate trade agreem ents with the respective govern-
ments.中國已派出貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)前往非洲各國，以便與這些國家的政府商談貿(mào)易協(xié)定。
The day is not far off when a lot of housework can be done by machine.大量家務(wù)活由機(jī)器來干的日子不遠(yuǎn)了。
3、先行詞所帶的非從句定語常需置于定語從句之前而造成先行詞與定語從句分隔，例如：
There was som ething original，independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.這個(gè)方案有創(chuàng)造性，而且別出心裁，又有魅力，所以深得他們的喜歡。
三、與先行詞分隔的定語從句的漢譯
1、將定語從句譯為漢語“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)，置于先行詞之前，例如：
Yet there exist com plex computations in science and engineer-ing which people are unable to make.到目前為止，在科學(xué)和工程方面還存在許多人們無能為力的復(fù)雜計(jì)算。
He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century m entality.他全盤接受這一理論，只是因?yàn)檫@一理論中有一種迎合二十世紀(jì)心理的東西。
I think it is clear that each side entertainssuspicions of the other which are unjust.我認(rèn)為雙方顯然相互懷著沒有正當(dāng)理由的猜疑。
2、將定語從句單獨(dú)譯為一個(gè)分句，例如：
There is som ebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有個(gè)人在外面等你，我想這個(gè)人可能就是你家鄉(xiāng)的一位朋友。
The molecules exert forces upon each other，which depend upon the distance between them.分子相互之間存在著力的作用，該力的大小取決于它們的距離。
The result of this is the retention of too much air in the respiratory tract at each expiration which prevents the fresh air from being taken in at the next inhalation from reaching the lung alveoli.其結(jié)果就是在每次呼氣時(shí)呼吸道里保留過多的空氣，這樣就在下次吸氣時(shí)妨礙吸入的新鮮空氣抵達(dá)肺泡里。
3、將定語從句與先行詞溶合譯出，例如：
He is a wise man who speaks little.智者言少。
